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Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni, Jr.〔(Biography.com )〕〔 (born June 7, 1943) is an American writer, commentator, activist, and educator. One of the world's most well-known African American poets,〔Jane M. Barstow, Yolanda Williams Page (ed.), "(Nikki Giovanni )," ''Encyclopedia of African American Women Writers'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), p. 213.〕 her work includes poetry anthologies, poetry recordings, and nonfiction essays, and covers topics ranging from race and social issues to children's literature. She has won numerous awards, including the Langston Hughes Medal, the NAACP Image Award, and has been nominated for a Grammy Award,for her Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection. Additionally, she has recently been named as one of Oprah Winfrey’s twenty-five “Living Legends.” (29) 〔 Giovanni gained initial fame in the late 1960s as one of the foremost authors of the Black Arts Movement. Influenced by the Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement of the period, her early work provides a strong, militant African- American perspective, leading one writer to dub her the "Poet of the Black Revolution."〔 During the 1970s, she began writing children's literature, and co-founded a publishing company, NikTom,Ltd to provide an outlet for other African American women writers. Over subsequent decades, her works discussed social issues, human relationships, and hip-hop. Poems such as "Knoxville, Tennessee," and "Nikki-Rosa" have been frequently re-published in anthologies and other collections.〔Margaret D. Binnicker, "(Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni )," ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''. Retrieved: 17 October 2014.〕 Giovanni has taught at Queens College, Rutgers, and Ohio State, and is currently a University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech. Following the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007, she delivered a chant-poem at a memorial for the shooting victims.〔 ==Life and work== Nikki Giovanni was born in Knoxville, Tennessee,〔(Poetry Foundation Center ) Nikki Giovanni Biography〕 to Yolande Cornelia, Sr. and Jones "Gus" Giovanni. She grew up in Lincoln Heights, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio, though she returned to Knoxville to live with her grandparents in 1958, and attended the city's Austin High School.〔 In 1960, she began her studies at her grandfather's alma mater, Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee.〔("Nikki Giovanni-The Real Deal" ), ''Dallas News''.〕 She had a difficult time adjusting to college life and was subsequently expelled. However, she realized that she needed an education, drove back to Nashville, spoke with the Dean of Women, and was readmitted.〔http://nikki-giovanni.com〕 In 1967, she graduated with honors with a B.A. in History. Afterward she went on to attend graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University. In 1969, Giovanni began teaching at Livingston College of Rutgers University. In 1970 she began making regular appearances on the television program, Soul!, an entertainment/variety/talk show which promoted black art and culture and allowed political expression. Soul! hosted important guests like: Muhammad Ali, Jesse Jackson, Harry Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, Gladys Knight, Miriam Makeba, and Stevie Wonder. (In addition to being a "regular" on the show, Giovanni for several years helped design and produce episodes.) She also gave birth to her only son, Thomas Watson Giovanni.〔 Since 1987, she has taught writing and literature at Virginia Tech, where she is a University Distinguished Professor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Nikki Giovanni, University Distinguished Professor )〕 She has received the NAACP Image Award several times, received twenty honorary doctorates and various other awards, including the Rosa Parks and the Langston Hughes Award for Distinguished Contributions to Arts and Letters.〔 She also holds the key to several different cities, including Dallas, Miami, New York, and Los Angeles.〔(Virginia Tech News ) Virginia Tech's Nikki Giovanni Nominated for Spoken Word GRAMMY〕 She is a member of the Order of the Eastern Star (PHA), she has received the Life Membership and Scroll from the National Council of Negro Women, and is an Honorary Member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She has also been honored for her life and career by the History Makers along with being the first person to receive the Rosa L. Parks Women of Courage Award. In 2015 Giovanni was named one of the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History" for her contributions to poetry, education, and society.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/vawomen/2015/honoree.htm?bio=Giovanni )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nikki Giovanni」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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